EYE DISEASES

Astigmatism

 

Astigmatism is a common vision problem that causes distorted, fuzzy, or blurry vision as a result of an irregular curve in the eye's lens or cornea.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• blurry, distorted, or fuzzy vision at all distances (close-up and far away)

• difficulty seeing at night

• eyestrain

• squinting

• eye irritation

• headaches

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAUSES

 

Astigmatism is a natural and commonly occurring cause of blurred or distorted vision usually associated with an imperfectly shaped cornea. The exact cause in not known.

 

 

 

Conjunctivitis

 

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids). It is commonly due to an infection (usually viral, but sometimes bacterial) or an allergic reaction.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid

• Increased amount of tears

• Thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep

• Green or white discharge from the eye

• Itchy eyes

• Burning eyes

• Blurred vision

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAUSES

 

• Viruses

• Bacteria (such as staphylococus, gonorrhea or chlamydia)

• Irritants such as shampoos, dirt, smoke, and pool chlorine.

• Allergies, like dust, pollen, or a special type of allergy that affects some contact lens wearers.

 

 

 

Cataract

 

A cataract is the clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision. They may affect one or both eyes.

Poor vision may also result in an increased risk of falling and depression. Cataracts are the cause of half of blindness and 33% of visual impairment worldwide.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Clouded, blurred or dim vision

• Increasing difficulty with vision at night

• Sensitivity to light and glare

• Seeing "halos" around lights

• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription

• Fading or yellowing of colors

• Double vision in a single eye

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAUSES

 

Cataracts occur when there is a buildup of protein in the lens that makes it cloudy. This prevents light from passing clearly through the lens, causing some loss of vision.  The most common cataract is age related cataract which occurs with advancing age. Children can also have cataract. The other causes could be trauma to the eye, UV rays, systmatic diseases like diabetes etc.

 

 

 

Dry Eyes

 

Dry eye is a condition in which there are insufficient tears to lubricate and nourish the eye.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Stinging or burning of the eye

• A sandy or gritty feeling as if something is in the eye

• Episodes of excess tears following very dry eye periods

• A stringy discharge from the eye

• Pain and redness of the eye

• Episodes of blurred vision

• Heavy eyelids

 

 

CAUSES

 

Dry eyes are caused by a lack of adequate tears. 

 

 

Corneal Ulcer

 

A corneal ulcer is an open sore that forms on the cornea, usually caused by infections. Even small injuries to the eye, or erosion caused by wearing contact lenses too long or while sleeping, can lead to infections.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Pain in the eye

• Blurry vision

• Watery eye

• Pus or eye discharge

• Burning or stinging sensation in the eye

• Red or pink eye

• Sensitivity to light

 

 

CAUSES

 

• Dry eye

• Eye injury

• Inflammatory disorders 

• Wearing nonsterilized contact lenses

• Infections which could be bacterial, fungal, mixed or viral

• Vitamin A deficiency

 

 

Entropian

 

Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea and irritate it.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• The feeling that there's something in your eye

• Redness of the white part of your eye

• Eye irritation or pain

• Sensitivity to light and wind

• Watery eyes (excessive tearing)

• Mucous discharge and eyelid crusting

• Decreased vision

 

 

CAUSES

 

• Muscle weakness

• Scars or previous surgeries

• Eye infection

• Inflammation or infection

• Developmental complication

 

 

 

Glaucoma

 

Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to your eye's optic nerve and gets worse over time. It's often associated with a buildup of pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma tends to be inherited and may not show up until later in life.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Hazy or blurred vision

• The appearance of rainbow-colored circles around bright lights

• Severe eye and head pain

• Nausea or vomiting (accompanying severe eye pain)

• Sudden sight loss

 

 

CAUSES

 

The cause of glaucoma generally is a failure of the eye to maintain an appropriate balance between the amount of internal (intraocular) fluid produced and the amount that drains away.

 

 

Pterygium

 

A pterygium is an elevated, superficial, external ocular mass that usually forms over the perilimbal conjunctiva and extends onto the corneal surface.

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Burning.

• Gritty feeling.

• Itching.

• Sensation of a foreign body in the eye.

• Blurred vision.

 

CAUSES

 

• Prolonged exposure to  ultraviolet light

• Dry eye

• Irritants such as dust and wind

 

 

 

Uveitis

 

Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation. It affects the middle layer of tissue in the eye wall (uvea). Uveitis  warning signs often come on suddenly and get worse quickly. Uveitis can be serious, leading to permanent vision loss. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent the complications of uveitis.

 

 

CAUSES

 

• Eye injury or surgery

• An autoimmune disorder, such as sarcoidosis or ankylosing spondylitis

• An inflammatory disorder, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

• An infection, such as cat-scratch disease, herpes zoster, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, Lyme disease or West Nile virus

• A cancer that affects the eye, such as lymphoma

 

 

SYMPTOMS

 

• Eye redness

• Eye pain

• Light sensitivity

• Blurred vision

• Dark, floating spots in your field of vision (floaters)

• Decreased vision